Infertility Investigations: What Tests are Involved?
Infertility, often referred to as the inability to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse, can affect both men and women. To diagnose the underlying causes of infertility, various tests and evaluations are conducted. Below are the main types of tests that are commonly performed for infertility assessment.
For Women
- Hormone Testing: Blood tests are conducted to check hormone levels that regulate ovulation and other reproductive functions.
- Ovarian Reserve Testing: This includes tests like the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) test, which assesses how well the ovaries are functioning.
- Pelvic Ultrasound: An imaging test to examine the uterus and ovaries for abnormalities, such as cysts or fibroids.
- Hysterosalpingography (HSG): An X-ray procedure used to check if the fallopian tubes are open and to evaluate the shape of the uterus.
- Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure that allows direct visualization of the reproductive organs to identify conditions such as endometriosis or pelvic adhesions.
For Men
- Semen Analysis: This test evaluates the quantity and quality of sperm, including motility and morphology.
- Hormone Testing: Like women, men also undergo hormone tests to check levels of testosterone and other hormones that influence sperm production.
- Genetic Testing: Genetic tests can identify chromosomal abnormalities that may affect fertility.
- Testicular Biopsy: A procedure to retrieve sperm directly from the testicle, particularly useful in cases of obstructive azoospermia.
Additional Tests
- Immunological Tests: These tests check for any autoimmune issues that may affect fertility for both men and women.
- Infectious Disease Testing: Screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and other infectious diseases that can affect fertility.
- Ultrasound Testing: Various forms of ultrasound can evaluate both male and female reproductive anatomy in detail.
By understanding the various infertility tests available, individuals and couples can work with their healthcare providers to identify potential causes of infertility and develop appropriate treatment plans.
